👶 Pediatric
Pediatric Developmental Milestones
Key developmental milestones by age — motor, language, social, and cognitive — with red flags requiring referral.
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Infant (0–12 months)
| Test / Parameter | Normal Range | Clinical Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 2 months | Social smile, coos, holds head up 45° | Red flag: no smile by 8 weeks. |
| 4 months | Rolls front-to-back, reaches for objects, laughs | Red flag: no head control. |
| 6 months | Sits with support, babbles, stranger anxiety | Red flag: not reaching for objects. |
| 9 months | Pulls to stand, pincer grasp, "mama/dada" non-specific | Red flag: not sitting independently. |
| 12 months | Walks with help, 1–2 words, uses pincer grasp | Red flag: no words by 12 months; no walking by 18 months. |
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Toddler & Preschool
| Test / Parameter | Normal Range | Clinical Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 15–18 mo | Walks independently, 5–10 words, uses spoon | Red flag: not walking by 18 months. |
| 2 years | Runs, 2-word phrases, stacks 4–6 blocks | Red flag: <50 words or no 2-word phrases by 24 months. |
| 3 years | Tricycle, 3-word sentences, toilet trained | Red flag: speech unintelligible to strangers. |
| 4 years | Hops on one foot, tells stories, counts to 10 | Red flag: cannot follow 3-step instructions. |
| 5 years | Skips, knows colors, dresses self | Red flag: cannot hop or skip; social difficulties. |
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School-Age & Adolescent
| Test / Parameter | Normal Range | Clinical Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 6–12 years | Reads, writes, concrete operations | Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority. Peers important. |
| 12–18 years | Abstract thinking, identity formation | Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion. Risk-taking peaks. |
| Screening Tools | ASQ, Denver II, M-CHAT | ASQ: Ages 2–60 months. M-CHAT: Autism screening at 18 & 24 months. |
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Red Flags — Refer for Evaluation
| Test / Parameter | Normal Range | Clinical Notes |
|---|---|---|
| No social smile by 8 weeks | Refer | Possible developmental delay or autism spectrum. |
| No babbling by 12 months | Refer | Hearing evaluation, speech-language referral. |
| No words by 16 months | Refer | Early intervention. Consider autism screening (M-CHAT). |
| No walking by 18 months | Refer | Motor delay evaluation. Consider physical therapy. |
| Loss of skills at any age | Urgent referral | Regression is NEVER normal. Neurology evaluation. |
pediatricdevelopmentmilestonesinfanttoddlerscreening
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